72 research outputs found
Dynamic Standalone Drone-Mounted Small Cells
This paper investigates the feasibility of Dynamic Horizontal Opportunistic
Positioning (D-HOP) use in Drone Small Cells (DSCs), with a central analysis on
the impact of antenna equipment efficiency onto the optimal DSC altitude that
has been chosen in favor of maximizing coverage. We extend the common urban
propagation model of an isotropic antenna to account for a directional antenna,
making it dependent on the antenna's ability to fit the ideal propagation
pattern. This leads us to define a closed-form expression for calculating the
Rate improvement of D-HOP implementations that maintain constant coverage
through antenna tilting. Assuming full knowledge of the uniformly distributed
active users' locations, three D-HOP techniques were tested: in the center of
the Smallest Bounding Circle (SBC); the point of Maximum Aggregated Rate (MAR);
and the Center-Most Point (CMP) out of the two aforementioned. Through analytic
study and simulation we infer that DSC D-HOP implementations are feasible when
using electrically small and tiltable antennas. Nonetheless, it is possible to
achieve average per user average rate increases of up to 20-35% in low user
density scenarios, or 3-5% in user-dense scenarios, even when using efficient
antennas in a DSC that has been designed for standalone coverage.Comment: To be published in proceedings of EuCNC'2
Enabling On-Demand Cyber-Physical Control Applications with UAV Access Points
Achieving cyber-physical control over a wireless channel requires satisfying
both the timeliness of a single packet and preserving the latency reliability
across several consecutive packets. To satisfy those requirements as an
ubiquitous service requires big infrastructural developments, or flexible
on-demand equipment such as UAVs. To avoid the upfront cost in terms of finance
and energy, this paper analyzes the capability of UAV access points (UAVAPs) to
satisfy the requirements for cyber-physical traffic. To investigate this, we
perform a Gilbert-Eliott burst-error analysis that is analytically derived as a
combination of two separate latency measurement campaigns and provide an
upper-bound analysis of the UAVAP system. The analysis is centered around a
UAVAP that uses its LTE connection to reach the backhaul, while providing
service to ground nodes (GNs) with a Wi-Fi access point (AP). Thus, we combine
both measurement campaigns to analyze the plausibility of the described setup
in casual, crowded or mixed network settings.Comment: To be published in proceedings of VTC-fall 202
Analysis of LoRaWAN Uplink with Multiple Demodulating Paths and Capture Effect
Low power wide area networks (LPWANs), such as the ones based on the LoRaWAN
protocol, are seen as enablers of large number of IoT applications and
services. In this work, we assess the scalability of LoRaWAN by analyzing the
frame success probability (FSP) of a LoRa frame while taking into account the
capture effect and the number of parallel demodulation paths of the receiving
gateway. We have based our model on the commonly used {SX1301 gateway chipset},
which is capable of demodulating {up to} eight frames simultaneously; however,
the results of the model can be generalized to architectures with arbitrary
number of demodulation paths. We have also introduced and investigated {three}
policies for Spreading Factor (SF) allocation. Each policy is evaluated in
terms of coverage {probability}, {FSP}, and {throughput}. The overall
conclusion is that the presence of multiple demodulation paths introduces a
significant change in the analysis and performance of the LoRa random access
schemes
On Addressing Heterogeneity in Federated Learning for Autonomous Vehicles Connected to a Drone Orchestrator
In this paper we envision a federated learning (FL) scenario in service of amending the performance of autonomous road vehicles, through a drone traffic monitor (DTM), that also acts as an orchestrator. Expecting non-IID data distribution, we focus on the issue of accelerating the learning of a particular class of critical object (CO), that may harm the nominal operation of an autonomous vehicle. This can be done through proper allocation of the wireless resources for addressing learner and data heterogeneity. Thus, we propose a reactive method for the allocation of wireless resources, that happens dynamically each FL round, and is based on each learner’s contribution to the general model. In addition to this, we explore the use of static methods that remain constant across all rounds. Since we expect partial work from each learner, we use the FedProx FL algorithm, in the task of computer vision. For testing, we construct a non-IID data distribution of the MNIST and FMNIST datasets among four types of learners, in scenarios that represent the quickly changing environment. The results show that proactive measures are effective and versatile at improving system accuracy, and quickly learning the CO class when underrepresented in the network. Furthermore, the experiments show a tradeoff between FedProx intensity and resource allocation efforts. Nonetheless, a well adjusted FedProx local optimizer allows for an even better overall accuracy, particularly when using deeper neural network (NN) implementations
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